Citation Guide

In this new edition, the MLA recommends one universal set of guidelines, which writers can apply to any type of source. The 8th edition of the MLA Handbook guides writers through the principles behind evaluating sources for their research. It then shows them how to cite sources in their writing and create useful entries for the works-cited list.

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition is the official source for APA Style used by researchers, students, and educators in the social and behavioral sciences, natural sciences, nursing, communications, education, business, engineering, and other fields. The Publication Manual guides users through the scholarly writing process. It includes resources on writing and formatting annotated bibliographies, response papers, and other paper types as well as guidelines on citing course materials. Includes reference examples covering periodicals, books, audiovisual media, social media, webpages and websites, and legal resources, sample tables and figures, and guidance on how to ensure the appropriate level of citation, avoid plagiarism and self-plagiarism.

The seventeenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style offers updated guidelines on electronic workflows and publication formats, tools for PDF annotation and citation management, web accessibility standards, and effective use of metadata, abstracts, and keywords. The citation chapters reflect the ever-expanding universe of electronic sources--including social media posts and comments, private messages, and app content--and also offer updated guidelines on such issues as DOIs, time stamps, and e-book locators. The chapter on grammar and usage includes an expanded glossary of problematic words and phrases and a new section on syntax as well as updated guidance on gender-neutral pronouns and bias-free language.

A little more than seventy-five years ago, Kate L. Turabian drafted a set of guidelines to help students understand how to write, cite, and formally submit research writing. Seven editions and more than nine million copies later, the name Turabian has become synonymous with best practices in research writing and style. Her Manual for Writers continues to be the gold standard for generations of college and graduate students in virtually all academic disciplines.

**The 7th edition of the MLA Handbook has been superseded by the 8th edition**

**The 6th edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association has been superseded by the 7th edition**

**The 16th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style has been superseded by the 17th edition.**