The Chicago Manual of Style was originally created in 1937 by Kate L. Turabian at the University of Chicago. It is most commonly used by writers in the fields of History, Literature, and the Arts.
Chicago Style features two different methods of citation that can be used:
- Author-Date Style
- This method of citation uses specific parenthetical citations throughout your work and a bibliography at the end of your work, arranged in alphabetical order, that provides full details about your cited sources.
- Footnotes-Bibliography Style - This is the method that you will use in Art History and History courses.
- This method of citation employs footnotes or endnotes for specific citations and a bibliography at the end of your work, arranged in alphabetical order, that provides full details about your sources.
Footnotes are generally structured as follows:
- First time adding a footnote for a source: Full citation details including author/creator name(s), title information, publication information, and page(s) cited. Details vary depending on the source type. Place a superscript number at the end of a quote or paraphrased section. Citation numbers should appear in sequential order.
- Subsequent footnotes for a source (also known as 'shortened footnotes'): Author’s last name, title or partial title, page(s) cited. (See sec. 14.29-14.34, Chicago Manual).
Bibliography entries generally contain, in the following order:
- Author/creator information
- Title information (titles may be in “quotation marks” or in italics, depending on the source type)
- Publication information (e.g. place of publication, publisher name, and publication date for a book; volume and issue number for a journal article; DOI [Digital Object Identifier] or URL for an online resource)
